Legal Canadian Smoking Age by Province and Territory

The legal smoking age in Canada is the age at which a person is allowed to buy tobacco products, including cigarettes. Like the drinking age, the legal smoking age in Canada is set by each individual Canadian province and territory. Selling tobacco is tightly regulated in most areas. In Ontario, for instance, the seller (whose age is not regulated) must request identification from any person who appears to be younger than 25 and must determine that the prospective buyer is at least 19 years old prior to selling tobacco products to that person. Canadas Legal Smoking Age by Province and Territory Across Canadas provinces and territories, the age at which you can legally purchase tobacco is split more or less evenly between 18 and 19 years of age. Heres the breakdown by territory and province: Alberta - 18British Columbia - 19Manitoba - 18New Brunswick - 19Newfoundland and Labrador - 19Northwest Territories - 18Nova Scotia - 19Nunavut - 18Ontario - 19Prince Edward Island - 19Quebec - 18Saskatchewan - 18Yukon Territory - 18 Smoking Is Banned in Indoor Public Spaces As of 2010, all territories and provinces and the federal government have enacted relatively consistent legislation banning public smoking in their jurisdictions. The legislation bans smoking in indoor public spaces and workplaces such as restaurants, bars, and casinos. The federal governments ban applies to federal workplaces and to federally regulated businesses such as airports. The Movement to Raise Legal Smoking Age to 21 Theres growing support for raising the minimum legal smoking age to 21  across the country to make access to tobacco more difficult and to tamp down tobacco-related illnesses and deaths.  (About 37,000 people die in Canada every year from a smoking-related illness.) The Canadian government suggested in early 2017 changing the legal smoking age to 21. The  idea of raising the minimum age was put forward in a paper from Health Canada (a federal department responsible for helping Canadians maintain and improve their health) looking into ways to reach a 5% national smoking rate by 2035. In 2017, it stood at 13%. The federal government is reportedly not ruling out the possibility of raising the minimum smoking age to 21. The intent would be to try and reduce the number of young people picking up the habit. Federal Health Minister Jane Philpott said,  It’s time to push the envelope. What are those next steps? We’ve put out some bold ideas, things like raising the age of access. Things like putting restrictions in terms of multiperson dwellings. We want to hear what Canadians think about those [ideas].† Cancer Society Supports Raising the Minimum Age The  Canadian Cancer Society  says it  supports the idea of setting a federal smoking age of 21. Rob Cunningham, a senior policy analyst there, says he believes raising the smoking age is an inevitability and cites a 2015 study by the U.S/ National  Institute of Medicine which suggests that raising the legal smoking age to 21 could drop the smoking rate by roughly 12% and eventually reduce smoking-related deaths by 10%. Study Shows Drop in Smokers In the first quarter of 2017, the national group Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada (PSC) released its health survey on 2000 to 2014 tobacco use in Canada.  During this period, there was an overall 1.1 million drop in the number of Canadian  smokers, while  the number of smokers ages 15 to 19 also dropped but remained substantial. The percentage of Canadians who smoked fell by one-quarter, from 26% of Canadians aged 12 or older to 19%.  Over the  2000 to 2014 study period, the  majority of people ages 20 to 29 who had ever smoked reported smoking their first cigarette between the age of 15 and 19, while the percentage of those who reported their first cigarette over the age of 20 increased slightly from 7% to 12%.

The Biblical Canon Of The Bible - 959 Words

The Biblical Canon For as long as records have been maintained, the Bible remains the bestselling book worldwide, year after year (Jeynes, 2012). One might be curious about the reasons it is popular, or more importantly, how did it come about. Called the canon of Scriptures, or a ‘list’, it is the compilation of biblical books regarded by Christians as â€Å"uniquely authoritative† (Klein, Blomberg, Hubbard, Jr., 1993, p. 103). It includes 66 books encompassing thousands of years of history, written in multiple genres, and authored by many individuals. Inclusion into the canon required the necessity of scripture to meet specific criteria. Careful study dictated what became standard for believers (Klein, Blomberg, Hubbard, Jr., 1993). A person’s understanding of the canonization of the Bible will affect how they will view the validity and authoritativeness of God’s Word. Old Testament In order to be declared acceptable to be included within the canon there are specific criteria that are considered for the Old Testament. One of the first questions asked by the curious reader is, â€Å"Who authored the Old Testament?† The easy and most appropriate answer to that important question is God. That is to say that the Bible is divinely inspired and is an important, the most important, criterion for acceptance into the canon (Detweiler, 1985).ne can look to 2 Timothy 3:16 for confirmation, â€Å"all of scripture is God-breathed’ (NIV). Evidence is found in scripture itself. For instanceShow MoreRelatedQuestions For The Group Discussion970 Words   |  4 Pages Two Questions for the group discussion: â€Å"Inside a church, a pastor has flipped a verse of the bible to accommodate polygamy. Consulted by a business millionaire, the pastor ransacked the bible and finally arrived at a verse to support the holy matrimony. Quoting Isaiah 4:1 the pastor joined the notable influential member with three women†. Does the text Isaiah 4:1 justify the polygamous wedding? During the discussion, which follows the presentation, the group was amazed at the shocking photoRead MoreHistory of the Bible Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesCanonization of the Bible The process by which the English Bible, as it is known to the English culture today, was compiled is an extraordinary thing to see. The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The process by which both Testaments were written and then canonized into one book transpired over a period of many years. Once the canonization of the Bible officially came to an end, it was translated into English. Since then, many versions of the modern Bible have been madeRead MoreThe Structure of Biblical Authority998 Words   |  4 PagesIn his book, Structure of Biblical Authority, Meredith Kline explains, describes, and defends the suzerain-vassal paradigm of the biblical covenant and canon of Scripture. Scripture’s authority, according to Kline is not merely related to its ontology (that God has spoken it); but in its basic economic form, Scripture is a covenantal document and therefore is authoritative. It is through this covenant that God binds himself to his co venant people and they to him. As our covenant suzerain, God sovereignlyRead MoreIntroduction. D. A. Carson Is Research Professor And Teaches1618 Words   |  7 Pageslive under the authority of Scripture. As a result, certain elements of his understanding of the possibilities of the relationship between Christ and culture should, I think, be ruled out of court, where they are decisively shaped by a frankly sub†biblical grasp of who Christ is (10). Carson then gets to the main subject of the book, Niebuhr s fivefold paradigm. Although Niebuhr s Christ and Culture is around sixty years old, it is difficult, at least in the English†speaking world, to ignoreRead MoreThe Foundation of Orthodoxy and the Canon1447 Words   |  6 PagesThe Foundation of Orthodoxy and the Canon: There are several areas in the early church on essential issues such as the deity of Christ, nature, and humanity. This period of dispute was also characterized with the emergence of groups like Gnostics, which brought a completely new set of presumed beliefs to the faith that came alongside the faith and in total compromised tenets of the faith. These new beliefs were supposedly based on the truth of Christ’s teachings as presented to his followers.Read MoreBiblical Approach : Canonical Criticism Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagesappraises the biblical approach known as Canonical criticism. The paper will illustrate the historical dimension of this biblical method, and its methodologies. It is assumed that the evaluation of the different canonical approaches by the two key scholars: Brevard Childs and James Sanders will explicate the principles of this biblical method, and of course supply insightful concepts for clearer understanding of the canon criticism. Historical Development of the canon: How was the canon formed? TheRead MoreThe Foundation Of Orthodoxy And The Canon1188 Words   |  5 Pages The Foundation of Orthodoxy and the Canon Laurie Pelosi Liberty University Online History of the Church Submitted: April 8, 2016 1. This research paper is rich in documented history, but ultimately all who contributed to the New Testament understood that Jesus was the main influence. Our Christian Orthodox founder is Jesus and His word. After Jesus’s death and resurrection he promised the Apostles that the Holy Spirit would guide them in their missionaryRead MoreWhat Makes The Bible Into Theology?849 Words   |  4 Pagessacred and binding. (Detweiler, 1985). The particular qualities of biblical literature which become canon are what makes the Bible into theology (Stordalen, 2007). The word â€Å"canon† is an ancient Semitic word that, in ancient times, had come to be thought of as a standard or rule for faith and life. The books of the Old and New Testaments have long been considered canon, or â€Å"divine writings† (â€Å"Lecture 2,† 2015). Canonization of the Bible was a varied process that occurred over a very long span of timeRead MoreThe Common Ground Between Christianity And Mormonism1276 Words   |  6 PagesSaints (LDS) believe the Biblical Canon is still open. He states that the canon must considered open at least in principle, but adds that it is closed in practice (p. 58). Robinson would argue that the canon remains open and that the Prophet Joseph Smith was given divine revelation from Jesus himself to fill in the blanks in the canonized Scripture where it is silent. Robinson says â€Å"The eighth article of faith, written by Joseph Smith in 1842, states that â€Å"we believe the Bible to be the word of GodRead MoreAn Analysis of Christianity1094 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Bible,†God raised him from the dead†,he ascended to heaven,to the â€Å"right hand of God†,and he will return again to fulfil the rest of Messianic prophecy such as the Resurrection of the dead,the Last Jud gment and establishment of the Kingdom of God. According to the Gospels,Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born from the Virgin Mary.Little of Jesus’childhood is recorded in the Gospels compared to his adulthood, especially the week before his death. The Biblical accounts of Jesus

Workforce Diversity Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmentshelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Workforce Diversity. Answer: The development of technology and globalization have increased competition among local and multinational companies. As such, organizations are designing different strategies to survive and outperform rivals. Whats more, global migration has seen that different cultures integrate worldwide. The current social treads advocate for equality and upholding diversity. These and other factors have influenced corporations to incorporate and maintain a diverse workforce. It not only benefits the organizations but conforms to the current equality standards. This paper explores Disney, a Mass Media Entertainment Company that has incorporated diversity in its products as well as the workforce. Employee diversity relates to the employment of personnel that consists of a broad mix of people regarding ethnic and racial backgrounds. It also relates to hiring individuals of different age groups, gender, nationality and sexual orientation. Diversity of the workforce is a trend that most organizations are adopting to build and create a positive public image (Tharp, 2011). Companies seek to identify and attract, as well as, retain a personnel composition that brings value to the firm in terms of talent and skills. Besides, the society today emphasizes on equality among all people despite their background (Bedi, lakra Gupta, 2014). While most companies are still striving to achieve a desirable workforce diversity, Disney is one of the topmost that is rated as to have achieved and maintained workforce diversity. Disney provides entertainment services that can be enjoyed by different people despite their nationality and background. It has been identified to have the most visited theme park that does not discriminate its customers. However, that is not the only strategy that it employs to maintain diversity. Disney recognizes that diversity and inclusion are trends that every multinational and domestic corporations should adopt. Its top management comprehends that workforce diversity is fundamental to its success. As such, Disney has implemented different programs that have improved workforce diversity. Among these programs is GWWI (Global Workplace and Women Initiative). This program focuses on increasing the opportunities of women in the company. It ensures that women have equal chances for promotions and development as the males in the industry. Besides, its workforce has diversified, relating to race and nationality, recording a seventy-five percent increase in the Hispanic populace by 201 6 ("The Walt Disney Company Recognized for Diversity Leadership - The Walt Disney Company", 2017). Taking a deeper look at the workforce in Disney, the corporation has maintained a both genders. It personnel consists of equally proportionate numbers of both females and males. This has ensured that women are included in an industry that was previously male dominated. It has employed both men and women to undertake routine tasks and as characters in its productions. Secondly, as cultures began to transfer across the globe, Disney incorporated stories and productions that narrate the life of different families in the world. This required employing different people based of nationality and gender. The characteristics of Disneys workforce show that it is an all-inclusive personnel (Ferner, Almond, Colling, 2016). Additionally, based on the levels of management and experience, the workforce is diversified in terms of age. The young and innovative tend to dominate the RD department while the older generation is responsible for managerial responsibility such as sourcing finances and plan ning. The types of workforce diversity are categorized in two dimensions. The primary classification regards inborn differences, for example, gender, race, physical ability, ethnicity and sexual orientation. These are characteristics that people are born with and cannot change (George, Jones, Sharbrough, 2012). Disney has included its workforce to include proportionate ratios based on these dimensions. It has ensured that the youth has contributed to the value of the company by implementing their innovative ideas. Besides, the older generation based on skills are given different responsibilities. It has initiated a workplace program, GWWI that increases the opportunities for women to match those that the men have. Disney, as shown via its productions, has incorporated characters from different races and ethnicity. The second dimension regards education, beliefs, marital status, work culture and family background (Jackson, 2012). While education and experience contribute to the value added and the ability to handle responsibilities, most of the other factors are quite immaterial while hiring. This is because they barely affect the productivity of an employee. As such, Disney does not discriminate employees based on these elements as people are entitled to their beliefs and religion. Disney has, therefore, maintained both surface and deep levels of workforce diversity to its advantage. It has identified differences and accommodated them to ensure that its personnel provides maximum productivity (Robbins, Judge, 2012). Disney has incorporated different strategies in maintaining a diverse workforce. The most notable is the culture of acceptance approach. This method recognizes that people are different in primary and secondary dimensions. They have different needs, beliefs and work cultures. Once these variations are determined, the approach suggests, that a company should seek to accept and tolerate these differences by creating a healthy and productive working environment (Cox, 2011). The desired result of culture of acceptance is designing and maintaining a company the values the diversity of its people. This is Disneys objective as a company has a global influence. Disney has become diversity conscious over the years by including people from various backgrounds. It has altered its actions to provide equal opportunities to people and maintain a work culture that accommodates the needs of every person in its workforce (Robbins, Judge, 2012). By so doing, it has eliminated the barriers that limit the development opportunities of individuals especially those with diversity issues. As such, Disney is recognized as a company that has a diverse workforce and condemns discrimination. This has built and maintained its public image ("The Walt Disney Company Recognized for Diversity Leadership - The Walt Disney Company", 2017). References Bedi, P., lakra, P., Gupta, E. (2014). Workforce Diversity Management: Biggest Challenge Or Opportunity For 21st Century Organizations. IOSR Journal of Business And Management, 16(4), 102-107. https://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1643102107 Cox Jr, T. (2011). Creating the multicultural organization: A strategy for capturing the power of diversity. Jossey-Bass. Ferner, A., Almond, P., Colling, T. (2015). Institutional theory and the cross-national transfer of employment policy: The case of workforce diversityin US multinationals. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(3), 304-321. Jackson, S. E. (2012). Diversity in the workplace: Human resources initiatives. Guilford Press. George, J. M., Jones, G. R., Sharbrough, W. C. (2012). Understanding and managing organizational behavior. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. (2012). Essentials of organizational behavior. Tharp, A. (2011). Workforce diversity. Slideshare.net. Retrieved 16 August 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/kumudu737sjp/workforce-diversity The Walt Disney Company Recognized for Diversity Leadership - The Walt Disney Company. (2017). The Walt Disney Company. Retrieved 16 August 2017, from https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/the-walt-disney-company-recognized-for-diversity-leadership/

Strategic Planning

Executive Summary and Recommendations Planning is one important factor that should be adhered to in every organization. A strategic plan should not be compared to the normal vision or mission statements. It is supposed to provide a structure for decision making in a competitive and dynamic environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the current century, there have been rapid changes in the technological field. This has resulted into the need for updates in the structure of various organizations. Health organizations should have strategic tools for planning. These plans for the field of health are to be developed in local, regional and national level. John Hopkins Hospital is one of the renowned hospitals that is claimed to be providing the best services in the health care and service sector. The main theme or plan for all their operations has been geared tow ards risk prevention. This plan has been achieved by creation of a culture for safety. This safety culture covers patients, the public and the service providers who are the clinicians and doctors. Other major significant strategic issues are the adherence to information management systems and provision of quality care. Recommendations The recommendations are as indicated below; Hospitals should be institutions that give people an interface for recovery. For this reason, there should be a laid up strategy for monitoring patients improvement even if it means following up with the patients. The hospitals should offer preventive visits. In addition, they should advocate for more health insurance coverage and public health programmes together with staff capacity building programmes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lastly, there should be a medium for providing increased awareness on disease, on contraction of the disease, preventive measures and awareness on good nutrition practices. These recommendations could have been in the plans of the hospital but the achievements are the most appropriate step in attaining success in the health sector. Internal Assessment This can be achieved by conducting a drill or just going through the management practices of the hospitals, also, one could have a look at the achievements. An internal assessment is good because it provides a basis for the functionality of an institution. Following John Hopkins Hospital, this has been attained by assessing the following; Innovation Customers’ satisfaction Safety and health Productivity Innovation here refers to the access of technological resources. It should also involve the number of staff can utiliz the current technology during operation. In addition, innovation should also apply to customer training from time to time due to the dynamic effects of change in the health c are system. Customer satisfaction is very important and this is rated as highly important at John Hopkins. Factors that are considered are such as readmission of patients, the waiting time intervals, patient’s case cancellations, the length of stay by patients in the hospital, provision of complaints by patients on a week basis, emergency preparedness for example, a patient is triaged within the first fifteen minutes of arrival and the rate of discharge of patients by the hospital. Productivity has also been adhered to towards the positive end. That is in terms of bed occupancy, the cost per produce, the ratio of resource utilization, the duration of activity or hour’s unit of activity and lastly the employee performance against contract. Another internal factor is on the issue of health and safety. This is one significant point of success for John Hopkins as they have developed a form of safety culture for guidance. This is applied for both customers and the clinician s. This strategy is oriented to people and it involves various aspects.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, it is believed that harm is untenable and there should be ways to prevent it or see unto ways of working it out. Another factor is good listening capabilities. At times it is important to listen to the concern of colleague’s and even clients to be able to understand them. In addition, everyone has the obligation to belong to a team and apply system approach in the health center to work out safety issues. These would prevent the issues of hazards that are uncalled for. Quality measures are related to customer services and even provision of benefits to workers. At John Hopkins, this has been carefully looked into starting with customer satisfaction services. The patients are provided with good and quality health care services. Customer satisfactio n is significant because it will always attract other customers hence increase the revenue of the hospital or institution. This has been one of the strong points of John Hopkins hospital. Their ability to give a satisfying approach to their services has acted as a stepping stone to their fame. The hospital have been mentioned to be the best health service providers worldwide. In addition, provision of quality healthcare has also been a result of effective management that is goal oriented. Having quality services means owning the best kind of technology in the world. It is only through innovation that success has become attainable. The use of sophisticated machines results to extensive analysis and research in the health sector. In the current world, reliable research work and health systems have been accorded to institutions that have the most current technology. This has acted as a stepping stone for John Hopkins in achieving their strategic goals set. Growth on the other hand cann ot be explained in better words but by the use of advancement. The advancement in quality services have led to the increase in customers in the hospital. Consequently, the clients have brought about expansion which eventually has led to the growth of the hospital at large.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cost of health services has been considerate for the purposes of reaching out in the community. Having high cost health services could result from use of highly sophisticated equipments, but this is not the case at John Hopkins because to be able to reach out for people with great health needs, it meant that the cost had to be made favorable. This plan to provide affordable services was also a plan to help the institution reach out for the goals outlined in the strategic plan. External Environment The external environment is more of a business initiative. The John Hopkins Hospital had just suffered low patient turn up in the hospital in a period of two years. This was a form of threat to the institutions. This is because their sources of clientele were the patients. This is not to say that they wanted more people to fall ill, but it was a loss to the institution. The low turnout of patients was caused by poor management. In the event of reviving the institution’s fame, th e managing director then sought to check on what could act as an opportunity for business in the hospital. This initiative was called the business continuity initiative. Its main aim was to start patient admission and intake procedures. This was to help the administration and other departments to live in an environment that is prepared health wise. Some of the initiatives included; achieving recovery of objectives by preventing interruptive healthcare, education on medical care, customer service and research. A form of opportunity was on training the clinicians on knowledge of how they can respond to mass casualty incidences. This involves disaster management and prevention. This would give the hospital an upper hand in being accredited with universal standardization marks. This had also been covered in the event of readiness. These external factors can be adhered to when follow up is done. Patients follow up would require commitment whether there is a large number of patients or ju st few of them. In addition, improving on disaster management and customer service would be helpful when the staff is fully armed with capacity building strategies and training is also important. Lastly, helping patients to acquire health insurance coverage would be a commendable step. This is mainly for those patients with manageable diseases and all other patients who could find it hard to raise fee for medication once. Strategic Objective To provide Safety to Patients This strategy is significant to the hospital. It should take place for a period of about three to five years. The main responsibilities involved include; creating a safe environment for communication so as to attend to the concerns of the patient, focusing on team work, engaging families and friends on safety care process and plan for the resources that would be used in ensuring that safety measures are adhered to. In addition, there is a good possibility to reduce complexities in safety matters and ensure that all stakeholders involved such as family, clinician, and the community work hand in hand to form a team. Team work is great because it engages an individual to the feel of the social aspect which is very important to an individual who is or has recuperated. This strategy on safety is significant because a clinician is able to monitor a patient’s journey to good and great health. It is more satisfying to see the effort placed in such an amazing way which can be very rewarding when adhered to and followed properly with discipline. To do Review on Diseases that are communicable in Public Health Communicable diseases are one of the most interesting diseases. They are quite challenging because they are community based. The review is to involve working in the grass roots level to identify factors that predispose people to such diseases. The review is to account for the following; planning a control programme that will ensure settings organized for emergency. Another plan is on how to c ontrol the spread and contraction of such diseases. This would be through awareness campaigns in the streets and every place where there are residential homes and suburbs. The awareness campaign is also to include ways of managing such a disease once a person has contracted it. As long as the disease is not deadly, it can be managed by the members of the community themselves. The timing of these procedures should be on short term basis. This is because such diseases also take a short while to spread. Therefore, using the best gadgets, it is possible to put up preventive measures and also to be able to manage the disease as long as there is constant cooperation. A solution should also be given out after monitoring and evaluating the communicable disease. The evaluation plans should discuss the clinical features, the risk factors and management of the diseases. Important also is the review of the possibility of the resurgence of communicable diseases that could have caused havoc in th e past. This approach merged with operational planning could help manage and prevent the spread of the diseases and even alleviate them from the face of the earth. To practice continual staff Training Practices This is rather expensive in relation to the latest forms of change. Of late, the technological advancement has been taking place at a much rapid state. This calls for rapid measures that would ensure that no institution is left behind. Training is to be done on a frequent basis. This includes new employees training. For instance, fresh graduates who are always absorbed in many institutions need prior experience. As they are being trained, the older employees should also be able to get review of the newest components in the market. Good communication capabilities would ensure good transfer of knowledge and skill. John Hopkins hospital has this lined up. Having flow of residents from time to time has provided the basis for the strategic goal, but there is a need to fully incorp orate other old employees in the practice. All these objectives could take a while but the fact that they have been implemented is commendable. Conclusion Committed and goal oriented individuals are able to accomplish these objectives. Success only requires a change of mind towards the positive. John Hopkins having a vast encounter with great health achievements can in no way fail to achieve the objectives if focus when favorable health policies are put in place. Therefore, with dedication towards a positive and visionary future, anything is achievable. This essay on Strategic Planning was written and submitted by user Otto Skinner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Physics Paper Essays - Physical Quantities, Force, Acceleration

Physics Paper Question: How does the make and model of a shoe influence the m of the shoe? The weight of the four Shoes Ryan's 4 newtons Will's 4.5 newtons Bassel's 4 newtons Behdad's 5 newtons The pulling force of each force Ryan's 140 grams Will's 240 grams Bassel's 230 grams Behdad's 400 grams The Calculations of weight and pulling force Equation m= F pulling F weight Ryan's shoe= 140 grams = .140 newtons times gravity of 10 = 1.4 newtons= .35 newtons 4 newtons Other Shoe Answers Will's shoe =.53 newtons Bassel's shoe = .575 newtons Behdad's shoe = .8 newtons The main errors of our experiment ? Not having an exact point of when it was moving ? We didn't have small weights so we could become more accurate ? The surface we did the experiment was too smooth ? On the weight of the shoe the scale doesn't start at exactly 0 and I rounded up and down. What I would do differently if I did this experiment again ? I would come up with an amount of movement for when it was at its pulling force. ? I would get smaller amount of weight to make it more accurate. ? I would find the pulling force on different surfaces and find the average amount of pulling force. Science

Dual Career Couples and Career Development Essays

Dual Career Couples and Career Development Essays Dual Career Couples and Career Development Paper Dual Career Couples and Career Development Paper DUAL CAREER COUPLES AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT, FAMILY AND REALLOCATION ISSUES SERVICES PROVIDED BY LARGE CORPORATIONS AND SMALL COMPANIES ABSTRACT As the dual career couples phenomenal increase rapidly in the global economy, large and small companies need to provide reliable services in order to alleviate the work-life challenges to support dual career couples in the complex issues they often faced. This paper will focus in the family career and reallocation issues of dual career couples and what are the approaches from large and small companies towards them. CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1. FAMILY CAREER ISSUES 2. 2. REALLOCATION ISSUES 3. CONCLUSIONS 4. REFERENCES 1. Introduction: Dual career couple is a common term used for marriages who both wife and husband have careers and work outside home. The challenges faced by these couples has been purpose of study for HR managers, as they are more complex that those that traditional couples face. In the last 30 years the number of dual-career couples has growth at a phenomenal rate. In mostly all developed countries as well in some of the third world countries, women represent half of the work force. The traditional figure of a family that only the man was the primary breadwinner while the woman stay home to take care of the children and the house was much more common before 1970 than today. According to a recent study of the US bureau of labor statistics, dual career marriages, which both partners are managers or professional, represent more of 80% of the US couples. Women has experimented an era of liberation and today are thought to pursuit career success, financial independence, self-sufficiency and plan a life having higher impact outside home. Women that graduated from college have more knowledge about the existing possibilities in their society. The dogma of the traditional family simply does not work among career couples, women that are better educated occupied professional and executive positions not because they have to, but because they want to. The desire for individual and combine success lead couples to restructure their marital roles changing the structure in the modern families. As the wife does not stay at home to do the housework the division of the home responsibilities is a must. The ideology of equality in marital roles emerges as a necessity to the eager of find common opportunities. Dual-career couples have to cope with different dilemmas of how to support each other’s career development together with the common responsibilities like childcare, housekeeping, and their personal relationship. These couples often have greater demands from the organization that employed them and be able to respond to these needs become a necessary priority for many companies. This essay pretends to explain what the challenges of dual career couples are and how those challenges are handle in large and small companies around the world. 2. Literature review Due to the exceptional increase of career families over the past three decades, dual career couples are bringing HR managers attention today more than ever. The study of the challenges of dual career couples and career development is a common topic in almost any human resource book. For methodological purpose this essay will be focus in two main topics: Family career issues and relocation issues. Comparing what are the strategies and the services provide for large and small organizations. 2. 1. Family Career issues For dual career couples with children, family issues may conflict with career progression. The employees not only need to be efficient at work but they also need to be competent and responsible with their family roles. The current competitive environment in business requires a lot of time, effort and work for professionals to develop their career successfully; this cause a lot of personal stress that is usually transfer from one partner to the other. When both partners seek to maximize their career development the family can be in serious conflict and under a lot of stress that become even more complex in couples with children or other family responsibilities. The job stress is linked to psychological well-being and this not only affects the individual worker but also his family. The strategies used to escape from a difficult situation and reduce emotional and physical reactions to stress are usually not just an individual effort; these strategies require help from the organization and from the family. As noted, the welfare of a spouse depends in part on the actions of the other partner. The dual-career families require concessions and understanding of family and business, which means a psychological commitment of the couple, with their family and personal relations, their individual careers and the organization. This type of families tend to solve their issues keeping in mind what is best for the family, over what is best as an individual. With the increase of married women in the work force, more companies have recognized the stressful situation of dual career couples and they have decided to incorporated more flexibility in their policies and personal selection, and in career planning, placement and promotions. 2. 2. The relocation issue We lived in an era of multinational companies and a large proportion of large companies hold under their portfolios several branches in different cities and countries. The knowledge of professional employees is converted into in a valuable asset for these companies and the relocation of key individuals turns into a common exercise for these corporations. In case of a relocation, the welfare of the employee’s family obey as an organization’s concern about how to recruit and retain the best employees. In many cases the services provide from the organization as support to the relocation is a vital factor for many employees to decided to accept or not a relocation. Many studies show that the main concerns of an employee that face a reallocation is the impact on his partner’s career. Is fundamental in dual career couples that faced reallocation to expect that the trailing spouse would be able to find a job and to continue the development of his or her career. This includes topics as work permits, job hunting and reallocation services. Large corporations have actively engaged in providing their employees with relocation services, especially when recruiting senior executive as many of them are unwilling to reallocate unless the accompanying spouse receives suitable employment assistance. These corporations created departments that assist the accompanying partners to find the proper job and successfully continue their career in the new location. Certainly most small companies do not have the resources to provide these services and results in a traumatic experience for the accompanying spouse or partner in a dual career couple to find a job. What translate in extra stress in their employees and could even lead in resignation. 3. Conclusions and Recommendations It is important that career development problems in dual career couples are recognized in the early stages when is still possible to make the corrections and if is possible should involve both partners in the planning even when one is not employed by the company. Large companies developed organizational policies related to their employees’ family as a key support factor for career families to cope with their challenges. This support is translated in the development of specialized centers within the organization to study dual career couple, career development and women at work. As well other policy to increase and improve their support like family days, flexible schedule, telecommuting, day-care services for children, feedback on their performance and in general any activity that could generate value from the organization to their employees. These types of organizational policies and services are expensive and many small companies cannot afford them. Large corporations have more specialized HR department and can allocate more resources to these projects and services. Small companies with limited financial resources cannot provide services as large corporation do. Also large corporations have more specialized work division and can reduce work burden on an employee if is necessary, in small corporation professionals tend to have many roles and the temporal absence of any employee cannot be easily compensate. Nevertheless is a must for small corporations to develop policies to support dual career couples. Small companies could take advantage of their close relation between shareholders and management team, getting to know much closer the challenges faced by its team and providing more focus solutions to those problems. Additional today many consulting companies provide services oriented to these employees problems and giving the opportunity to small companies to outsources those services. 4. References Books ? Mathis, R. , Jackson, J. , (2010) Human Resource Management. 13th edition. Cengage Learning. ? Sweet, S. , Moen, P. , Meiksins P,. (2007) Dual Earners in Double Jeopardy: Preparing for Job Loss in the New Risk Economy. Emerald Group Publishing Limited ? ? ? Hardill, I. , (2002) Gender, migration and the dual career household. Routledge Bohlander, G. Snell, S. , (2009) Managing Human Resources. Cengage Learning, Wolf-Wendel L. , Twombly, S. , Rice, S. , (2003) The two-body problem: dual-careercouple hiring policies in higher education. JHU Press ? ? Weihrich, H. , (2007) Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Harris, H. , Brewster, C. , Sparrow, P,. (2003) International Human Resources Management. CIPD Publishig. ? Gilley, J. , Eggland, S. , Gilley, A. , (2002) Principles of Human Resource De velopment. 2nd edition. Basic Books. Ivancevich, J. (2009) Human Resource Management, 11th Edition. ?

International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Law - Essay Example Treaty law essentially entails the same binding nature as custom, and is only distinguished from custom because it is more formal than the former.2 However, treaties are generally written law and as such is a more certain source of international law.3 Although some international law scholar refer to treaties and customary international law interchangeably, there is a clear distinction since customary international law is bereft of written law and treaties are identified with written instruments. For example, Article 2(a) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1974 proves that: ‘treaty’ means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation.4 In this regard there are two types of treaties under international law that represent important sources of international law. The first kind of treaties i s law-making treaties that establish rules that are universally and generally applicable. The second kind of treaties at international law are â€Å"treaty-contracts† which are concluded between two or more states and cover specific issues relative to the contracting states.5 Law-making treaties are direct sources of international law, while contract-treaties merely outline treaty obligations between the contracting states and thus circumvent the need to identify and apply customary international law, unless the treaty requires the application of customary international law.6 Since the mid-19th century there has been an unprecedented proliferation of law-making treaties which have come to be known as â€Å"international legislation†.7 The proliferation of international law-making treaties was responses to the inefficiency of international customary law in meeting the immediate needs of the international community for the regulation of mutual interests. The immediate ne eds of the international community arose out of developments at the economic and industrial levels which were increasingly tightening the interconnectedness of states. Thus relationships between states became more complicated and diverse.8 Law-making treaties can be viable alternatives to customary laws because as history informs, law-making treaties typically serve to main functions. First they may articulate crystalized rules of international law, thus making customary law more visible and essentially codifying customary law into an identifiable source of law. Secondly, law-making treaties may identify new issues and formulate new rules of international law designed to respond to new issues or to change current practices by states.9 For instance, UN Law of the Sea Treaty 1982 establishes new rules relative to jurisdictional parameters applicable to the seas.10 The UN Law of the Sea Treaty 1982 also codifies some customary rules of international law. However, the 1982 Treaty also p rovides new provision such as the creation of the International Sealed Authority for controlling the distribution of marine resources. Moreover, transit passages were established for replacing the concept of innocent passage via coastal states’ territories. Thus states ratifying the 1982 Treaty would necessarily be bound by new international laws relative to the distribution of marine life and transit passages.11 Thus law-making treati

Iphone Network and Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Iphone Network and Technology - Research Paper Example become the force to reckon with. It is one of the leading brands of the cellular phones in the market, and has indeed introduced many features in the industry for the first time that have been duly copied by the other companies in the hopes of matching in the race towards the most saleable phone (Frommer, 2011). The indigenous features and offers of the Apple company, however, make sure that few competitors can match the product in terms of quality, features, cost, and ease of operation (Frommer, 2011). Such a success is quite surprising, given that Apple is a relatively new player in the field, and a few years back it was not even predicted to enter the game (Vogelstein, 2008). And now it has broken the monopoly of the established giants of the cellular industry (Vogelstein, 2008) and made its own mark, which is quite hard to match. Such success merits an in depth analysis of the iPhone and its technology. This paper analysis the iPhone technology in terms of its management informat ion system, MIS, and telecommunication design. This will be followed by recommendations for improvement of the systems. Network classification: the iPhone introduced to the world not just a new trend in mobile technology, but also a new model for the smart phones (Frommer, 2011). This means that it had the capability to access the Internet and have a global network connectivity (Frommer, 2011). This was important to provide customers with a high level of user experience and ease of operation; now they could use their phones not just for making calls but also to conduct business and use the Internet (Frommer, 2011). Since the target was the incorporation of the Internet into a cellular phone and a global access, the iPhone utilized the technology of wireless network connections (Frommer, 2011). This section studies this technology in detail and presents some of its advantages over the wired technology. The wireless network is essentially what is called the wi-fi technology (WiFi Note s, n.d.). this form of network has become the most popular in the industry, and has become synonymous with all the families of wireless technologies that are currently used (WiFi Notes, n.d.). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE, uses a referencing notation based on numbers that are given to each family of technological systems employed by the network industry (WiFi Notes, n.d.). These groups of numbers can be subdivided into smaller categories, based on the differences in the operational techniques of the systems. The wi-fi technology used by the iPhone is numbered as 802.11 (WiFi Notes, n.d.), this being the reference number of this particular

Federal Republic Essay Example for Free

Federal Republic Essay First , there was a â€Å" Indias Ninth Five-Year Plan† projects generation of 54 million new jobs during the Plan period (1997-2002). But performance has always fallen short of target in the past, and few believe that the current Plan will be able to meet its target. The Indian youth also get problems in finding job: â€Å" If the unemployment rate observed during 1993-94 continues, the number of unemployed youth in terms of usual status was of 6. 2 million in 2001 . † ( Pravin Visaria 2000:n. p. ) Indias labor force is growing at a rate of 2. 5 percent annually, but employment is growing at only 2. 3 per cent. Thus, the country is faced with the challenge of not only absorbing new entrants to the job market (estimated at seven million people every year), but also clearing the backlog. Sixty percent of Indias workforce is self-employed, many of whom remain very poor. Nearly 30 per cent are casual workers (i. e. they work only when they are able to get jobs and remain unpaid for the rest of the days). Only about 10 per cent are regular employees, of which two-fifths are employed by the public sector. Now, the Indian economy starts recovering but the it’s hard to say that unemployment will be eliminated soon. In the table below the expected level of employment till 2012 is given(which is a very low one). Population and Labour Force: 1997 – 2012 (million 1st April) 1997 2002 2007 2012 Population 951. 18 1028. 93 1112. 86 1196. 41 Labor Force 397. 22 449. 62 507. 94 562. 91 The growing unemployment in India caused a lot of trouble what has been worsening the economical situation since 1980s. It produces the hole in the turnover of the goods as people can’t buy the necessary quantity of products not having enough earnings. Political instability in the late 1980s and oil price shocks resulting from the Persian Gulf War (1991) led to an economic crisis in early 1991, but swift reform measures taken by the newly elected government proved highly successful. Inflation declined from 13.1% in 1991 and 1992 to 8. 6% in 1993 and 1994. However, inflation stood at 14% in 1998. So, as we see, such concern as unemployment influences a lot the whole economical picture of the country. Besides, person that is out of working can’t develop himself and that reflects in a considerable way in the demographic structure of the country. All over the world history the notion of unemployment is associated with the crisis in the economy of any country. Biblioghraphy. 1. No author. 2005. Of economies policies http://www.ilo.org

Analysis of Women Characters in Victorian Literature

Analysis of Women Characters in Victorian Literature The common line of criticism made on Anne and Emily Brontes works reflects the widespread belief that the female characters are victims of male cruelty. Critics of the Bronte novels have highlighted a pattern of male dominance and female oppression. For example, Arlene Jackson, in The Question of Credibility in Anne Brontes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, elaborates on womens powerlessness and male selfishness in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. In the same vein, Juliet McMaster, in her article Imbecile Laughter and Desperate Earnest in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, criticizes the male oppression of the woman in the novel which, she argues, is emblematic of the general treatment of women as they were given no voice in society. In addition, in Hapless Dependants, Women and Animals in Anne Brontes Agnes Grey Grey, Maggie Berg has equated the treatment of women to the treatment of animals by which women are relegated to a secondary position where they can form no true sense of the self. This trend of viewing women as the victims of male hegemony makes it challenging to market the idea that these female characters do, in fact, have enormous power that they utilize in their relationships with men. Therefore this research proposal uses Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontes Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall to issues pertaining to female behavior and male response that will indicate the extent of this female power. Through their strong wills, purposes, and desires, women characters in these novels often form mens characters, and define their behaviors. For example, in Wuthering Heights, Catherines headstrong and rebellious ways are partially responsible for Heathcliffs antisocial behavior, and it is through Catherines ideas of how men should behave and react to her demands that Heathcliffs character is formed and which leads him to his madness at her death. In Agnes Grey, Miss Murray manipulatively portrays women in a manner that makes Mr. Hatfield v iew women as helpless creatures in their need for rescue, protection, and provision. In light of this argument, how does the womans figuration of the patriarchal male character affect both the man and the woman,? Does this power result in ramifications for the woman as well? Are women aware of the power that they wield, and if they are, why do they blame the man for relationship problems? In my dissertation, I use evidence from the Bronte novels to show that it is womens unwillingness to engage in self-awareness and accountability that contributes to variant male behavior and perceptual outcomes. To that end, I argue that women have far more influence and power than is acknowledged by critics and this power and influence consistently contributes to the formation of male thinking and behavior. Summary Women have natural power in them. This power is not something magical or supernatural; it is part of their femininity. Women have intrinsic power by virtue of being women. In other words, a womans femininity is her powerful tool. Once used, this inherent power may constitute a strong weapon that influences mens lives either positively or negatively. An in-depth study of the emergence, construction, and outcome of female influence on men within myriad contexts is a sure way of vindicating the existence of this female power. Applying this theory to three British novels written by Emily and Anne Bronte Wuthering Heights, Agnes Grey, and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall- this study will draw important correlations between female abilities, capacities, and innate talents and the use of these elements to alter or supersede male potentialities. For example, Catherines misuse of her natural female strengths and talents is used to override Heathcliffs reticence against and desire to withdraw from her controlling manipulation, culminating in tragedy for both characters. Additionally, in Agnes Grey, the protagonists yearning for independence and power has influence on both men and women. Similarly, female power and control in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is measured through Helen Grahams interactions with the men in her life. In this novel, Bronte reveals this power and manipulative awareness in her protagonist, but the theme remains intact: women often have inordinate amounts of power and control over men in myriad realms of their lives. In light of this argument, the purpose of this dissertation is to explore the aforementioned three novels to show the outcome of the immense power possessed by women. These powers possessed by females are mainly psychological. In other words, they affect the intellectual, spiritual, emotional and interpersonal world of men with different outcomes for both genders. Introductory Statement of Background, Purpose and Thesis I will analyze The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Agnes Grey by Anne Bronte and Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights with the aim of showing how they developed female characters whose power influence the men around them. The analysis will prove that this female power and influence affects the intellectual, spiritual, emotional and interpersonal world of men with different outcomes for both genders. The purpose of this study will involve comparing three British novels, written by sisters, whose female characters effect masculine changes, behaviors, and affect the outcomes of various situations. Demonstrating the application of feminine power in relationship dyads will support the hypothesis that women can manipulate, control, and cause harm to men and, through them, socio-political constructs which affect everyone. In addressing the research problem, a thorough review of the selected works, combined with a thorough literature review of existing studies will serve to show how this use of power manipulates or affects outcomes. My research topic is intended to be a significant contribution to socio-cultural, gender-based, and psychological awareness of conflict source and resolution. In other words, it will contribute to understanding the origins or beginnings of problematic relationships between men and women, and suggest how these problems can be solved. While the literature is rife with widely diverse discourse and study on feminism, the body of knowledge is seriously deficient in considering the research problem. That is because this issue requires a major paradigmatic change since the major outcomes of feminism have tended to reject feminine limitations while creating male-opposition toward many of its tenets. Signe Arnfred exposes a practical sense of feminine power in a non-western setting in her article entitled Sex, Food and Female Power: Discussion of Data Material from Northern Mozambique. In this article, she shows how women in a certain part of the world harness their mastery of feminine chores in both reproduction and family into a power tool that calls for respect from men (141). It is vital to note that what the characters in the Bronte novels do is not so much removed from what Arnfred tries to show in her article. The setting and tool might be different, but the game is the same. Arnfreds and the two Brontes women play on one critical point; namely the mans need. Man is need for womens domestic duties and reproductive function as well as their emotional interest. As the women in Arnfreds article employ this need to gain power, the Brontes women make use of the mens emotional need for to them as powerful tool. Abstaining from performing the chores (Arnfreds women) or paying attention (Brontes women) can have serious influence on the man. For example, in Wuthering Heights, Catherine leaves Heathcliff for Edgar, a move that creates confusion and antagonism between Edgar, Heathcliff and Isabella and ultimately leads to Heathcliffs madness. Had Catherine not chosen to withdraw her attention from Heathcliff, he would not have experienced the emotional turmoil th at he experienced. The question that may arises then is, was it within Catherines power to control the events through avoiding any association with Edgar? The answer to this is in the affirmative, and therefore she sought to push Heathcliffs emotions to the edge of a cliff. In fact, male dominance was common in Victorian times, as was female servility; But it is this servility that supported the dominance. Critics of the Bronte novels have noticed the male dominance in these novels, and identified the role women play in perpetuating this dominance. The feminine role in the advancement of male dominance is a power in itself, which, if withdrawn, can have a regulatory outcome on male behavior. In the article The Question of Credibility in Anne Brontes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Arlene Jackson points out that, Anne Bronte also answers a question that other novels of her time do not ask: what happens to a marriage and to the innocent partner when one partner (specifically, the male) leads a solipsistic life, where personal pleasures are seen as deserved, where maleness and the role of husband is tied to the freedom to do as one wants, and femaleness and the role of wife is linked to providing service and pleasure not necessarily sexual, but including daily praise and ego-boosting and, quite simply, constant attention (203). On the surface, Jackson is asserting that powerlessness is another way of describing women. This is how she decodes the message that Anne Bronte is sending to society through her book. Obviously, numerous people agree with this position, considering the woman to be the victim, suffering silently without a means of escape from the cruel clutches of the man. But this is not the case because in the process of praising someone, there is the knowledge that the praise can be withheld. There is also the knowledge that the praise can lead to dependency as well as other undesirable manifestations of character that may be harmful to both the person lavishing praise, who is the woman, as well as the man, who is the recipient of the praise. An objective analysis of the message from Jackson reveals that men have a certain degree of dependency on the lavish praise they are showered with by women. As much as Jacksons work may have been an attempt to show the credibility of Anne Brontes literary skills, she helps in the identification of areas of female power that is sometimes wrongly interpreted to enhance female servitude and perpetuate male dominance. In the Bronte novels, it is not just praise that men get from women that create an atmosphere of dependency. As shown by Helen Graham, men can become dependent on the love they get from women. For example, under the chapter entitled Miniature, Anne Bronte shows how after showering Mr. Huntingdon with attention, she withdraws it, an act that upsets him. Maggie Berg, in her Hapless Dependants, Women and Animals in Anne Brontes Agnes Grey argues that, in a patriarchal society where women are faced with challenges of identity, expression and recognition- the general treatment of women is implied to be like the treatment of animals. This position is also shared by another critic of Anne Brontes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Juliet McMaster, who takes the position that the Victorian period was characterized by a huge power imbalance that tilted heavily in favor of men. In her article entitled Imbecile Laughter and Desperate Earnest in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, McMaster talks of a Victorian power structure that did not allow women to have a say in society. All things were done according to the rules set by men for everyone (368). However Berg and McMasters view is harsh and seems to suggest that women have no place in their society. In support of the position that goes against this perception, several published works that have a stand on womens power in relation to men will be examined too. For example Naomi Wolfs critically acclaimed book entitled Fire with Fire: The New Female Power and How to Use it deconstructs McMaster and Jacksons positions on female victimhood. Wolf believes that women have always had more power than men. The biggest problem according to her is that women have not mastered the art of utilizing this power for their benefit (23-25). She further disagrees with women whose time is spent agonizing over a male dominated society where every woman is a victim (56). Evidently, Wolf is not ready to buy into the ideas of Jackson and McMaster. The areas where the latter two see oppression and injustice, the former sees opportunity and freedom that has not been seized by women. Wolf provides solid examples of women who have managed to live happily through the realization that female power is sufficient to combat what has come to be known as male dominance. She points out that politics, business, and family life are all potential areas of female excellence if women meet fire with fire and learn to use some of the tactics men use to manage affairs in society (34). This is the basis of her phrase, fire with fire. Applied to Brontes novels, Wolfs principles would appeal to female characters to not only be aware of how powerful they are, but also how to productively utilize these powers. Wolfs belief in the existence of feminine power greatly contributes to my thesis. Agnes, Helen, and Catherine, in addition to other female characters in the novels, are not the weak victims some critics view them to be. They are women who enjoy a great level of power that they use to influence their surroundings. Another female scholar who has done research on the issue of female power and influence is Margaret Beetham. In an article entitled Thinking Back Through our Mothers Magazines: Feminisms Inheritance from Nineteenth-Century Magazines for Mothers, Beetham, whose main objective is to survey the motherhood oriented magazines that existed in the nineteenth century, makes a refreshingly different statement based on what she discovers in the magazines she reads. As much as there was injustice in society during a greater part of the Victorian period, there was the acceptance that women were equal to men, but different. The admission of equality in these magazines that were published for mothers shows that the empowering element for women was present. What lacked was the will to pursue the path of equality through the elimination of obstacles that made it difficult for women to enjoy the trappings of a free life. It helps to point out that the writers and publishers of the magazines that Margaret Beetham analyzes in her work were both men and women, with most of them being in the hands of women. The significance of this is that women had access to the tools for empowerment as early as the Victorian time, a period that is attacked as highly paternalistic and patriarchal. This point is shared by Lisa Duggan and Nan Hunter. In Sex Wars: Sexual Dissent and Political Culture, the authors poignantly state that man and woman have always tried to live as a united pair, but the truth is that each is pulling in a different direction. The struggle is purely power based and is largely to blame for much of the s uffering that goes on in society (19-21). My study will be unique in the sense that it will depart from the traditional feminist readings and exegeses like that of Jackson and McMaster and utilize the arguments of the kind proposed by Wolf and others cited above. The dissertation will prove the existence of female power and influence in Victorian society, a society that is typically known as purely chauvinistic. Even in this analysis, my study will also go beyond the stress on the female power in the political and economic spheres as perpetuated by Arnfred, Wolf and Beetham. In contrast, I will focus on the psychological and personal dimension of feminine power. Through the critical examination of the Bronte novels, I will show that the power and influence held by women is not the literal political or physical power that society is used to, but rather the psychological one. It is partially the psychological dependency that men have on women that gives women the ability to manipulate circumstances and conditions in ways that can simultaneously hurt and heal both parties. I will use feminist theory to deconstruct the myth it perpetuates about the hegemony of man and the victimhood of woman. I will also use psychoanalytic theory to highlight the psychological power and influence women have on men. Through analyzing the three novels and borrowing from the other available materials and the theoretical framework, my study will purposefully prove that women have natural power and abilities. When these innate characteristics are applied to the intellectual, spiritual, emotional and interpersonal world of men, this power can control and define the opposite sex, with various results for both genders. The Design Chapter Summaries Introduction The introduction will set the pace of the dissertation by giving the background to my thesis. In this sense, the introduction will focus on reviewing the prevailing critical views that I will challenge in my dissertation. The aim will be to set up the idea that the dominant critical perspective views women as victims who are mistreated by men, a position that will be deconstructed in the later chapters of my dissertation. Such critical claims will include Arlene Jacksons The Question of Credibility in Anne Brontes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Juliet McMasters Imbecile Laughter and Desperate Earnest in The Tenant of Wildfell Hal, and Maggie Bergs Hapless Dependants, Women and Animals in Anne Brontes Agnes Grey among others. Equally important, the introduction will survey some critical views that support the thesis. These include, Marilyn Graman and Maureen Walshs The Female Power Within: A Guide to Living a Gentler, More Meaningful Life and Dan Abramss Man Down: Proof Beyond a Reasona ble Doubt That Women Are Better Cops, Drivers, Gamblers, Spies, World Leaders, Beer Tasters, Hedge Fund Managers, and Just About Everything Else. In addition, Laura Donaldsons Decolonizing Feminisms: Race, Gender Empire Building will be used to reinforce the thesis. The rationale behind this literature review is to set the parameters that my study departs from and challenges. This departure will be illustrated in the chapters that follow. Chapter 1: The Bronte Women: The Dominant View This is the opening chapter of the dissertation. The purpose of this chapter will be to set the tone and lay the argument that will be refuted in later chapters. Thus, the focus will be on the picture painted in the three novels as far as women are concerned. The three sisters books present women as the abused and mistreated members of the society. For example, in Wuthering Heights, Catherine is depicted as a victim of Heathcliffs desires. Similarly, in Agnes Grey, the protagonists mother is portrayed as the gentle, loving woman who gives up her high life for the love of a poor man, Agness father. In The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Helen is shown as a victim not only of Arthur but also Gilbert, who is shown as the angry and irrational man who whips Lawrence and hurts Helen feelings on mere suspicion that she would be allowing Lawrence to court her while knowing that Markham is already into her. The chapter will review such depiction of women in the three novels in details. However, the point that will be highlighted is that a careful analysis of some of the events in the books enables the keen reader and analyst to have a more profound view of women, a view that shows that they are not the submissive women intended or viewed to be. Since the dissertation is about the provision of evidence towards the position that women are not the victims of male hegemony as they are thought to be, this first chapter will be critical in setting up the issue that will be opposed by use of analysis of both these primary sources as well as other credible secondary sources. In this regard, the link between this first chapter and the rest of the dissertation is that it will lay the foundation for the entire dissertation through the establishment of the contested opinion, which the rest of the dissertation will tear down, while building the alternative view. Chapter 2: The Bronte Women: The Hidden Face As chapter 1 illustrates the traditional analysis of the Bronte women, chapter 2 will provide a dissenting analysis to that proposed in the first chapter. Hence this chapter comes to form the crux of the dissertation as it elaborates on the thesis. The three Bronte novels will be critically analyzed in order to portray the often unseen powers of women. Areas where the female power appears in these novels will be highlighted to substantiate the assertion that women are not victims of male domination and abuse, but powerful members of the society whose powers, though not physical, can bring either unimaginable destruction or ultimate redemption. A careful analysis of the events and characters will be conducted to supports this assertion. For example, in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights, Catherines misuse of her natural female strengths and talents is used to override Heathcliffs reticence against and desire to withdraw from her controlling manipulation, culminating in tragedy for both characters. In Anne Brontes The Tenant of Windfell Hall, Mrs. Helen uses her feminine power to emotionally abuse Mr. Huntingdon through the withdrawal of her affection, which leaves him mad and angry. Another example of the powerful nature of women is shown by Miss Murray who is determined to use her feminine power to ensnare Mr. Weston into falling for her before she gets married to Mr. Hatfield, to whom she is already engaged. Agnes aptly describes Mr. Weston as Miss. Murrays victim (Bronte 212). Susan McKernans article entitled Feminist Literary Theory and Womens Literary History: Contradictory Projects, will be used to create a critical dialogue in this chapter. The article illustrates how some women have sought to absolve females from all that goes wrong in relationships in particular and society in general. My argument in this chapter goes against this contention and proves that women are active participants in relationship management. Another powerful secondary source that will be used in this chapter is Laura Donaldsons Decolonizing Feminisms: Race, Gender Empire Building. This carefully written book will reinforce the thesis by showing how female power has more potential that most people in society are willing to accept. It will therefore support the idea that women can only be victims of men domination willingly or unknowingly, but otherwise, they ought to have the potential to stand up for themselves. In connection to the entire dissertation, this chapter brings up the theme of the paper. It agrees with the thesis and validates the argument. Chapter 3: Female Power: When Women Admit It This chapter will support the theme of the dissertation through the usage of female voices in proving the existence of female power. The aim is to show that the claim made in the dissertation is largely shared by women themselves, and therefore has credence to it. There is no better way to confirm that someone is in possession of something than that person coming out and admitting it himself or herself. This is what this chapter does by allowing female voices to come out and assert that women are indeed powerful in their own right. The use of these female voices will be targeted towards proving the thesis with reference to the major primary sources. Examples on the secondary sources include Signe Arnfreds article entitled Sex, Food and Female Power: Discussion of Data Material from Northern Mozambique. As illustrated elsewhere in the proposal, this reference will be used to prove how the Bronte women may take advantage of the mans need to exercise their power. Another secondary source that will used in this chapter is Margaret Beethams Thinking Back Through our Mothers Magazines: Feminisms Inheritance from Nineteenth-Century Magazines for Mothers. Her article is a clear admittance that woman had access to the tools for empowerment in the Victorian period. Equally important is Naomi Wolfs book, Fire with Fire: The New Female Power and How to Use it. Along with Beethams analysis, Wolfs argument greatly contributes to my thesis. As mentioned above, it substantiates the idea that Agnes, Helen, and Catherine, in add ition to other female characters in the novels, are not the weak victims some critics view them to be. They are women who enjoy a great level of power that they use to influence their surroundings. Further careful analysis of the primary sources will be done in this chapter to substantiate this point. For example, in Wuthering Heights, Catherines headstrong and rebellious ways are partially responsible for Heathcliffs antisocial behavior, and it is through Catherines ideas of how men should behave and react to her demands that Heathcliffs character is formed and which leads him to his madness at her death. In Agnes Grey, Miss Murray manipulatively portrays women in a manner that makes Mr. Hatfield view women as helpless creatures in their need for rescue, protection, and provision. The reference to the primary sources and connection to the overarching theme will provide the necessary flow and linkage for this chapter to the rest of the paper. In more precise terms, the women voices used to reinforce the thesis provide a connection to the second chapter which endeavors to show that women are not victims but powerful individuals. It also provides the groundwork for the following chapter which surveys the impact of the womens realization or lack thereof of feminine power. Chapter 4: Female Power: Realization by Women or Lack Thereof This chapter surveys the effects that emanate from the discovery by some women that they are in possession of immense powers. It also looks at what happens when some women fail to realize that they indeed have these feminine powers that the dissertation seeks to prove that they indeed exist. Again, Naomi Wolfs book, Fire with Fire: The New Female Power and How to Use it will be of great significance to this chapter as she argues that the realization of this power provides a solution for the supposed male dominance. In addition, The Least Angelical Poem in the Language: Political Economy, Gender, and the Heritage of Aurora Leigh  by L.Dalley will also be used. Dalleys article gives insight into the Victorian womens power and thus annuls any contention for the absence of this power in women even in the supposedly most patriarchal society. Once again, this will be done with reference to Bronte novels. The focus will be on how the Bronte females realization of their potential or lack thereof creates a great difference for themselves and for the men in touch with them. The instances where women have realized how powerful they are and used this knowledge to accomplish certain actions will be dealt with. For example, Helens realization of her artistic talent encourages her to leave her husband as it constitutes a source of income. In the same vein, Agness belief in her potential for leading an independent life make her start her venture as a governess, which adds to her experience and potential. In relation to the other chapters, this chapter will be a final verdict that indeed women have powers as it will demonstrate what happens when these powers, which chapters two and three will have shown exist, are put into use by those who know of their presence, or not used, by women whose ignorance insulates them from knowing the powers at their disposal. To a large extent, this chapter legitimizes the dissertation as it takes the argument to the level of observing the outcome of what the thesis claims. At this stage, the argument is not about whether women have powers or not, but about what happens when these powers are or are not used. Conclusion The conclusion will restate the thesis as has been validated through the argument in the preceding chapters. The major ideas that are raised in support of the thesis and some of the readings, both primary and secondary, that have supported or opposed the argument will be briefly revisited. All in all, the conclusion will emphasize the validation of the thesis as logically put through the dissertation chapters. Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Bronte, A.  The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. New York: Harper Brothers. 1999. Brontà «, C., Brontà «, E., Brontà «, A. The Brontà « Sisters: Three Novels.  New York: Penguin Books. (2009).   Secondary Sources Abrams, Dan. Man Down: Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt That Women Are Better Cops, Drivers, Gamblers, Spies, World Leaders, Beer Tasters, Hedge Fund Managers, and Just About Everything Else .New York: Abrams Image.2011. Based on evidence borrowed from the social and business world, Dan Abrams presents a powerful narrative of how women are better players in different games of life. This message resonates well with the thesis whereby it supports the claim that women have powers that can be a force for good or evil, depending on their usage. This is in opposition to the view that women are victims in society, whose suffering in the hands of men is evident throughout history. Berg, M. Hapless Dependents: Women and Animals in Anne Brontes Agnes Grey.  Studies in the Novel, 34(2), 177+. (2002). Comparing animals to the oppressed nature of women under a patriarchal society, Berg provides a viable contrast to Greys perceived fall from a moral governess to one who commoditizes relationships as she comes to see animals in relationship to food. This perspective will provide catalysts to the thesis since Agnes Grey is largely considered a non-philosophical text but has deep undercurrents to feminine power and control. Beetham, Margaret. Thinking Back Through our Mothers Magazines: Feminisms Inheritance from Nineteenth-Century Magazines for Mothers. Nineteenth Century Gender Studies. Issue 6.2, Summer 2010. Web. March 18, 2011. This article gives a picture of how mothers lived in the 19th century. This information is largely based on magazines, and the overarching message is that women were not under the apron strings of men with limited authority. Therefore, this article is part of the evidence that the is needed to validate the thesis. Braithwaite, W. S. The Bewitched Parsonage: The Story of the Brontes. New York: Coward-McCann. (1950).   Braithwaite provides germane insights into the lives of the Bronte sisters which informs their writing and perception of the world around them as well as their own influence and power (or lack thereof) in their lives. This work will contribute valuable insights into the sisters defenses, perceptions, and belief systems among an unusually tragic set of circumstances. Bump, J. The Family Dynamics of the Reception of Art.  Style, 31(2), 328+. (1997). Bumps article has been selected for this work due to his exploration of the self as it applies to understanding and applying the work of the Bronte sisters. A socially isolated and individualistic view of the self that precludes the possibility of enduring attachments or responsibilities to another (328) fully informs the thesis upon which this work is grounded. Coontz, Stephanie. A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s .New York: Basic Books.2011. Stephanie Coontz is responding to the work of Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique. She agrees with Friedan that women may have undergone suffering in society, but they had the powers to alter these circumstances. Therefore, this book is in line with the assertion made in the thesis. Dalley, L. L. The Least Angelical Poem in the Language: Political Economy, Gender, and the Heritage of Aurora Leigh.  Victorian Poetry, 44(4), 525+. (2006). A decidedly secondary, perhaps even tertiary source to this work, Dal

Gps Used to Track Kids Who Skip School

GPS Kids who keep on skipping school frustrate lots of people like teachers and parents. Now the police and school officials are now deciding to use GPS. The first school in California to test this Global Positioning System was the Anaheim Union High School. Many seventh- and eight-graders that have four unexcused absences or more during the school year have to carry this device. On school days each morning the students who get the GPS get automated call telling them that they have to get to school on time. After that, they have to enter a code five times a day that tracks their location.When they leave for school, when they arrive at school, at lunchtime, when they leave school and a 8 p. m. they have to type in this code. Also many students are assigned a adult coach that helps them to get to school on time. They also call them three times a week to see if they are all right. The devices are $300- $400 each and the six-week program are cost $8 everyday or $18,000. They are using th e GPS is because the students need education and the school loses close to $35 for every absent student there is.When the GPS started in the school the attendance rate went up from77 percent to 95 percent. If there was no GPS, the kids who continued skipping class or school, they were more likely to join gangs. Now about 75 students in Dale and South junior high schools are deciding to use this pilot program. But now district officials are deciding if they want to expand the GPS program to other high school and junior high schools. Many parents and students came to the Anaheim Family Justice Center to discuss about the GPS with the police and counselors.But not all parents like the idea. Raphael Garcia who has a 6th grader with six unexcused absences says, â€Å"This makes us seem like common criminals. † The Police Investigator Armando Pardo reminds the parents â€Å"They are letting their kids skip school without a valid reason. † Lots of kids grades 4-6, and their p arents had to attend the meeting but they would not be able to carry a GPS, but if they start seeing unnecessary absences, they will be able to get one. The Cruz family, hoping to be able to keep their child at school, they decided to buy a GPS for their son, Juan.Juan’s has had five unexcused absences and five excused absences. Juan tells Miller (the person who is teaching Juan how to operate the GPS) that â€Å"Sometimes I am sick and sometime I just don’t feel like going. † â€Å"I am going to keep it in my pocket so I don’t lose it. If the student loses the device, the parents will be responsible for paying for it. But the devices can be found very easily. Cristina, Juan Cruz’s mom supports this program a lot and is hoping it will help her out. She also says† He is one of six children, and we can’t always keep an eye on him. † By: Ruby Shah

Functionalism in Family Essay

It wasn’t until I was eight years old that I was finally adopted. My adopted family, who I consider to be my real family, taught me a lot. They help shape and mold me into the person that I am today. According to our class textbook, â€Å"the family, in its many varying forms, is present in all human cultures† (Schaefer, pg. 306). The family is impacted by all three sociological theories. In my paper I will discuss the impact that all three of the theories. Functionalism, Conflict and Interactionism, have on the social institution of family. I believe that the social institution of family is what makes us who we are. It helps to form our personality and our lives when we become adults. My family taught me how to make moral decisions in my life, how to become an independent individual in society and how to manage a family of my own. I pretty much do not follow one exact theory. I agree with many of the different aspects of all three theories. The first theory I will discuss will be the Functionalist theory. As outlined by William F. Ogburn, the family is meant to perform six paramount functions as follows:* ReproductionProtection * Socialization * Regulation of sexual behavior * Affection and Companionship * Provision of Social Status I agree with Ogburn on many of these functions. I think that the family teaches you companionship and how to form an affectionate relationship with someone. I also agree tone of the main functions of a family is Reproduction. God says in the Bible that we are to be fruitful. It is our duty t o reproduce to make more beings on earth. My family also serves as a security blanket for me. I know when all else fails my family will always be there for me and take me back with no questions asked. The functionalist theory affects the views of an individual in a family in many ways. To me it makes them a more stable person, with more traditional views. Functionalism does not leave too much room for social change within a family. Usually units of a family have a set of beliefs that they were raised on and consider the norm for them. TO stray from this would be abnormal and not right. Functionalism was a strong belief years ago when things were more traditional. This was just the way of life. This theory to me would be one of the main reasons why many people are against things such as gay marriage, unmarried couples having babies and shacking up and unwed mothers. On the other side of the spectrum we have the Conflict theorists. â€Å"Conflict theorists view the family not as a contributor to social stability, but as a reflection of the inequality in wealth and power that is found within the larger society† (Schaefer, pg. 292). Although I do agree with many of the aspects of the Functionalist theory, I agree with some of the points that the Conflict theory makes as well. I know for a fact when I was a child, my brother got away with murder. There were things that I couldn’t do that my brother could do because he was a boy. I had a friend who parents wouldn’t allow her to go anywhere, she had to go to High School down the block from her home, she couldn’t go to the mall until she was 18, and she was forced to go to college near home. Going away to college was a no- no for her as far as her parents were concerned. However, her younger brother went to a High School way across town from their house, he was hanging out at the age of 13, and he went away to college hours from their house. Many families in many cultures tend to be male chauvinistic, and bring out about inequality between the sexes. This was the way of life in the United States at a time. The man was the one who went out and worked and brought home the bacon. There were things that a man could do that woman couldn’t. The man was the sole provider and the authoritarian. Nowadays, women have just as much say so as men do. I have much power and authority in my family. My kids consider me and their stepdad to be equals. We make decisions and compromises on many things such as the bills, household needs and the children. Although there has been great change in this shift of power from man to woman in a family, there are still some situations where things have not change as much. Studies have shown that â€Å"for every stay-at-home dad there are 38 stay at home moms† (Schaefer, pg. 292). The conflict theory affects the views of individuals in a family because the man a sense of power and authority. It makes the women out to be subservient to her husband or to man period. It lends to situations such as Domestic Violence. I came across an article by Kathryn Yount and LiLi, it discusses Egyptian women’s justification of Domestic Violence. In a study done, â€Å"5,450 women in Egypt, they found that one half justified wife hitting or beating for some reason† (Yount, 2009). It is the conflict theory that leads many women to believe and justify Domestic Violence. There is little change for social change with the conflict theory. As described in our textbook, â€Å"conflict theorists al so view the family as an economic unit that contributes to social injustice† (Schaefer, pg. 292). Society view women as subservient and believe their role to be that of a woman in the kitchen cooking, barefoot and pregnant. Last but not least we have the Interactionalist theory. Unlike the conflict and the functional theory, this theory observes the relationship between individuals in the family and how they interact with one another. â€Å"In a study of both black and white two=parent households, researchers found that when fathers are more involved with their children (reading to them, helping them with their homework, or restricting their television viewing), the children have fewer behavior problems, get along better with others and are more responsible (Schaefer, pg. 293) The relationship between family members can determine the outcome of one’s behavior. This theory provides a lot of knowledge on fixing problems in a family. My son was acting up in school and I could not figure what his problem was. When my fiancee and I became more involved with him and his work, having join Boy Scouts, and talking to him one on one, his behavior changed. I received less and less calls from his teacher about him acting up in school. In family matters: the importance of mattering to a family in adolescence, Gregory Elliott, â€Å"demonstrated that the lack of mattering in one’s family contributes to the degree of connectedness one feels to the social order (Churchill, 2010). Relationships between family members matter a lot. I have a friend who had a horrible relationship with her mother. In turns she had a bad relationship with her daughter, and her daughter has a bad relationship with her daughter. Tough love was a major problem in their situation. The Interactionist has the greatest affect on family member’s views. It makes one more open-minded and understanding. It leaves plenty of room for social change within a family. By studying the relationships between family members we will be able to substantiate behaviors and why certain things happen. Society will in turn change their views on family life and accept change and different forms of families. Many people find it strange that it doesn’t matter to me that my kids biological farther refuses to pay child support and I still want him to see his kids as much as possible. I came across a study done by Yoshi Sano, Leslie Richards and Anisa Z’vonkovis in the Journal of Family Issues. I found that â€Å"Contrary to some father’s claims that mothers gate keep their access to children, the majority of mothers in the study just wanted increased father involvement. The mother’s desire for active father child interaction was not dampened by their frustration at the lack or irregularity of child support payment, which mothers tended to accept given the lack of economic opportunities in rural communities† (Sano, Richards, et. al, 2008). I believe that out of all three theories interactionism teaches one the most and has the greatest impact on family. We can learn from our interactions with one another and others as well. Functionalism is different from all three because it just basically believes that the family has basic functions. It doesn’t go on any evidence or studies. The Conflict theory believes that family brings about conflict. Its sole purpose is to cause inequality between the sexes. The social institution of family is affected by all three of the theories. I feel that and truly believe that it would benefit best form the interactionist theory. This can be backed up by studies and research. It will help to make society more understanding. References Churchill, C. (2010, February). Family matters: the importance to family in adolescence. Choice, 47(6), 1168.

Far and Away essays

Far and Away essays As Ms. Shannon Christie and Joseph Donelly migrate from Ireland to the United States they soon found out that it was not all that they imagine. While staying in the U.S they encouter many obstacle as well as hardship from working for cheap labor to living in a unhealthy condition all provided by the ward boss Mr. Mike Kelly. When Shannon and Joseph first arrived in the United States they were greeted by a boy who claim are you Irish? you have to go see Mr. Kelly, he is the ward boss around here and hell will take care of you. After Shannon realized that she was being mugged and have no money or a place to stay, Joseph decided to seek for the help of the Irish ward boss Mr. Kelly. As a ward boss, he will provide a work, lodging, apply for citicenship and protection and in return all they have to do is vote when voting time comes. Even though Joseph and Shannon was provided a job in the chicken factory but they treated very poorly and worst of all in a very unhealthy working environment. In couple of weeks, Joshep Donnelly soon realized that he can make more money in one boxing match then plucking chicken for a whole month. So he then box at a club owned by Mr. Kelly. Mr. Kelly can provide lifes necessities to the immigrants and can also take them away very quickly. Joshep was getting very successful u ntil he lost his last match and angry Mr. Kelly, so everything was taken away from him. In conclusion, the function of a ward boss who was appointed is to generate votes and their politics does not deal with political issues. For every immigrant from any race whenever they come to the United States, they can always turn to their ward boss for jobs, lodging and protection. ...

Stress Management.

Stress Management. What is stress? Well, there are many kinds of stresses. There is the negative effect pollution has on the ecosystem. There is seismic stress, which is tension on fault lines resulting in earthquakes. But kind of stress we are going to be focusing on is the psychological and physiological aspects of stress. Stress is the uncomfortable feeling you have after a hectic day and it doesn't end there. You have to compete with all the careless drivers on the freeway. Stress can also be described as a way the body and mind deals with multiple tasks at once. Most people are able to cope with everyday stress. But most find it difficult to control it when problems start to escalate faster than they could be solved. The Department of Health considers stress to me a mental health issue because if left untreated in extreme cases, it could make you very sick physically and mentally.Brain cell(s)I like the way Hans Selye categorized stress. Hans Selye was a Canadian scientist in 1926 that pioneered i n stress research. He began investigating the effects stress has on the body. He noticed that people showed characteristics of fatigue and discomfort following either a physical or an emotional stress. So, he categorized the response to stress in three stages. The first stage he called "the alarm reaction". The alarm reaction stage is associated with the secretion of epinephrine or (adrenalin) secreted from the adrenal glands. It involves complex physiological mechanisms that increase general alertness to prepare you to either deal with a stressful situation or to flee from it. During the alarm reaction stage pulse and respiratory rates speed up and blood pressure rises.The second being "the resistance stage", the pituitary gland produces hormonal and neural changes throughout the body until the stressful has passed.